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Category:

Sailing

    Multihull Yacht Stability
    Sailing

    Multihull Yacht Stability

    written by Bartek

    Wersja Polska https://sailoceans.com/wywrotnosc-jachtow-wielokadlubowych/

    We are sailing a Hobbie 18, perfectly stable while flying one hull at approximately 20 knots.

    Not for the first time the question was asked about the stability of multi-hull yachts, i.e. catamarans and trimarans.

    Let’s start with a very general statement that, if we exclude record-breaking, racing machines from this discussion, the chances of capsizing are negligible.
    First of all, over 90% of mass-produced catamarans have a “fuse” incorporated into their design. This means that if you end up with too much sail area for a given wind, the rigging will fail and the mast with sails will have gone overboard (which of course I do not wish to anyone, but it is a much more desirable solution than capsizing the boat), before the force on the sails reaches a level that allows lifting windward hull out of the water. This applies to static conditions in flat water. Situations in which production catamarans have overturned involved the wind and waves so extreme that potentially even a monohull could capsize. Of course, the obvious con of any multihull in this case is that it will most likely remain upside down. Once again I would like to remind you that we are talking about extreme conditions, that are entirely avoidable if you couple a decent forecast with a reasonably fast multihull. Most cruising monohull yachts are too slow to effectively position themselves to the weather systems, so they are rather and hopefully build to withstand harsh conditions and endure them rather then escape them as in the case of fast multis.
    With trimaran the situation is similar to catamaran, except that the force needed to raise two hulls is significantly greater than that required to fly one hull in a catamaran. It is even more so since one of those hulls is the central one in which about 80% of the whole yacht’s weight is concentrated. Hence, one hull in a trimaran with enough dihedral flies relatively easily and safely, while the other two are much more stable at than a catamaran with both hulls in the water, because our other two hulls are now on the leeward side and the righting moment increases radically, while the weight of a windward ama (outer hull on a trimaran) airborne only adds even more to the righting moment. Of course, greater beam of the entire superstructure of a typical trimaran has a dramatic effect on the hull stability and increased righting moment.
    To summarize, we often sail on two of the three hulls, but never on one. We sail fast enough to choose the weather we intend to be in. A few times we consciously chose forecast with winds above 50 knots, but only after positioning ourselves to the weather system so that we safely sailed at 7-12 knots on a bare mast on an autopilot in comfort and perfectly stable. Of course, I do not recommend conscious choice of such weather without adequate experience of the crew and equipment, which is not only suitable for this in terms of design, but also in terms of condition and preparation.

    There is a niche group of production catamarans for enthusiasts such as Gunboat, Outremer, or Catana, which have purposely designed strong enough rigging and mast to allow safely to generate loads that allow to fly a hull. Remember, however, that even in this high performance regime any mutihull is far from the tipping point. The righting moment drastically increases in the multi-hull yacht up to 45 degrees of heel on average depending on the design and load distribution. Only when we insist on continuing to load the rigging past the peak of the righting moment curve and do not let go of the sails are we destined to capsize.
    Again please keep in mind that this is a highly averaged out simplification and generalization applying to flat water conditions. With large waves on a beam this safety margin in terms of large righting moment to high heel angles drastically decreases. So don’t try this at home without proper instruction and practice.
    Happy sailing!

    Bartek

    October 17, 2019 0 comment
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  • Sailing

    Wywrotność jachtów wielokadłubowych

    by Bartek October 17, 2019

    English version https://sailoceans.com/multihull-yacht-stability/ Nie pierwszy raz padło pytanie o wywrotność jachtów wielokadłubowych, czyli katamaranów i trimaranów. Jeśli wyłączymy z tej dyskusji wyścigowe maszyny do bicia rekordów to szanse na wywrotkę są znikome.…

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  • Sailing

    Tornado, heavy rains, damaged sail and engine down in one afternoon …

    by Bartek October 17, 2019

    Tornado, heavy rains, damaged sail and engine down in one afternoon. Today, briefly about one, but intensive day on board. We DO love adventures … but these are day when we seek…

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  • Sailing

    Welcome to our sailing HOME

    by Bartek October 2, 2018

    Welcome aboard our dearest home under sail “POLY”. It is a 50 feet NEEL trimaran, the very first ever made (the prototype). We made almost everything on our own, from scratch….and now absolutely…

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  • Sailing

    How our life doesn’t differ a lot from “traditional house life”

    by Bartek September 1, 2018

    This is how our life doesn’t differ a lot from “traditional house life” 😂 On our way to birthday party in our car 😁 ….after spending one hour for putting shoes on, dealing with kids mood…

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  • Sailing

    Sailing Bahamas – South America Day 6,7,8…

    by Bartek June 15, 2018

    Day:  6,7 & 8 It’s never boring around here. While still sailing close to the wind i.e. jumping up and down sometimes madly we continue to get used to the abnormal for…

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  • Sailing

    Broken tooth in the middle of the OCEAN !!!

    by Bartek June 2, 2018

    Day 4th /of our 2 weeks sailing from Bahamas to Suriname Just as soon as I sent yesterday’s update for the previous 24 hours to Kasia at 1400 so that she can…

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  • Sailing

    When a girl drives a dinghy

    by Bartek April 2, 2018

    How did we make a heart in the sea in our logo? While Ania was driving the dinghy like madwoman, Bartek was flying the drone, recording, and giving her directions to maintain…

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